PLA prints with accuracy, minimal artifacts and at a relatively low temperature.  One drawback is that it softens in mild heat and is slightly brittle at room temperature.  

PLA/PHA is a proprietary blend that has the positive properties of PLA but is less brittle.

Stronger than PLA, ABS is soluble in acetone and compatible with solvent-based adhesives.  Larger prints can warp upon cooling.

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PETG prints very nicely and has a “waxy” feel.  However, nozzle build up can contaminate prints. 

Nylon is a very strong 3D printing material.  It is challenging to print as it is hygroscopic and prone to warping.  A benefit is that it can also be dyed.

Flexible materials range from vinyl soft to tire hard. 

"t-glase" is a Taulman brand polyethylene terephthalate.  It is very clear, hard and food safe.  Also known as PETT, PET-T or PET-"Taulman" formulation.  

n-Vent is a proprietary formulation similar to high-impact polystyrene made with Eastman "Amphora."  It's characteristics are described as being between ABS and PLA.  It was developed through a partership between Taulman and Eastman Chemical Company. 

Many companies offer PLAs mixed with unique colors, glitter, mica, fluorescents, “dots,” and even felt – the list is ever growing.  These are used primarily for their aesthetic appeal.

PLA infusions are blends of a material with PLA.  PLA acts more as a binder. Prints will have the look and feel of the infused material.  Examples include metals, woods, carbon fiber...  Prints can also be post-processed.  For example, wood infusions can be stained, iron infusions rusted - Iron infused PLA is even magnetic.

Functional materials have “dynamic” properties.  Examples include temperature-based color changing, UV exposure-based color changing, glow in the dark, conductive/static dissipative and other properties.